| Name | Capital | Monument | Comment |
Jayavarman II
790-850 
| Indrapura
Hariharalaya
Amarendrapura
Mahendrapura
| Prasat Damrei Krap, Prasat Khting Slap, Prasat Bos Nek, Chrei, Nak Ta,Anlong Tom | Borned 770
Khmer genealogists associate him with Nripatindravarman of Aninitapura (great grand-nephew through the female line).
Jayavarman II is named casually in connection with the king Puskaraksa, who was the maternal uncle of the mother of Jayavarman’s mother (stanza IX), which is in accordance with the Lolei inscription (K. 323).
Returned from Java court at 790 AD and established his first capital at Indrapura, near Ishanapura.
His spouse Dharanindradevi
Declared independent from Java, founded four capitals and unified Kambuja, celebrating a magnificent coronation rite in 802 (for the second time?).
The four capitals: Indrapura in the middle Mekong are(some believe at Kompong Cham, and others at Banteay Prei Nokor); Hariharalaya (now Roluos) on the Angkor plain which was the strategic point for the Khmer Empire; Amarendrapura, possibly centred around the mountain temple of Ak Yum; and Mahendrapura on mount Mahendraparvata, now Phnom Kulen.
In the ritual, he worshipped god Shiva, a supreme Hindu deity, who was known by the Khmer for a long time as a god of protector.
Proclaimed himself the “Universal Monarch or Cakravartin”
Established the cult of devaraja (god-king)
Posthumous name Paramesvara.
Died in 850 |
Jayavarman III
850-877 
| Sdok Kak Thom
| Bakong, Prei Monti, Trapeang Phong | Son of Jayavarman II
Worshipped the god Vishnu
Posthumous name Visnuloka
Built the laterite pyramid of Bakong, later clade in sandstone Indaravarman I (his cousin)
Died at very young age, probably has no son |
Rudravarman 
| | | Omitted and suppressed by epigraphist
Preah Ko consisting of six towers, for three deceased kings and their wives serve as an ancestors temple. The central tower were assigned to Jayavarman II (under his posthumous name Paramesvara) and his spouse Dharanindradevi, the northern ones for Rudravarman (consecrated as Rudresvara) and Narendradevi, the southern towers for Prthivindravarman (consecrated as Prthivindresvara) and Prthivindradevi |
| Prithivindravarman | | | Omitted and suppressed by epigraphist
Jayavarman III’s uncle
Prthivindravarman of Champa (?) |
Indravarman I
877-889 
| Hariharalaya | Preah Ko (879), Bakong (881) | Replaced his cousin Jayavarman III
Built at Lolei the Indratataka, a reservoir 12,500 feet long and 2,600 feet wide.
Established the linga Sri Indresvara on top of the pyramidal structure Bakong in 881
Grandson of King Rudravarman
His royal ancestors Rudravarman (his maternal grandfather), Nripatindravarman II (his maternal great-grandfather) and Prithivindravarman (his father).
Indravarman I died at Hariharalaya in 889.
He received the posthumous name of Isvaralok. |
Yasovarman I
889-900 (910?) 
| Roluos, Yasodharapura | Phnom Bakheng (905), Phnom Bok, Lolei (893), Baksei Chamkrong (905), East Baray, Prasat Bei, Thma Bay Kaek, Phnom Krom (?), Preah Vihea | Son of Indravarman I
Moved capital city from Rolous to Yasodharapura in the Angkor area at Phnom Bakheng.
Yasovarman I built one of the largest reservoirs in the Angkor Kingdom known as East Baray or "Yasohodharataka", with a length of 7.5 kilometers, a width of 1.83 kilometer and approximate depth of 4-5 meters. |
Harshavarman I
(900?) 912-922 
| | Baksei Chamkrong (907?), Prasat Kravan (921) | Son of Yasovarman I
His posthumous name was Rudraloka |
Ishanavarman II
923-928 
| | | Son of Yasovarman I, brother of Harshavarman I
His posthumous name was Paramarudraloka |
Jayavarman IV
928-941 
| Koh Ker | Prasat Thom | He was the maternal uncle of king Isanavarman II and seized power while his nephew was still on the throne. He married a sister of Yasovarman named Jayadevi. He moved his capital from Yasodharapura to a place where he erected a new capital, Koh Ker.
Built Prasat Thom at Koh Ker
His posthumous name was Paramesivapada |
Harshavarman II
941-944 
| | | Son of Jayavarman IV
His posthumous name was Brahmaloka |
Rajendravarman II
944-968 
| Angkor | Eastern Mebon (952), Pre Rup(961), Sra Srang, Banteay Srey (967) | He was a son of a sister of Yasovarman I named Mahendradevi and Mahendravarman, governor of Bhavapura. Through his mother side he was a nephew of Jayavarman IV
He moved the capital back to Yasodharapura.
The inscription of Preah Enkosei mentions that he was a descendant of the Kaundinya family.
His posthumous name was Sivaloka. |
Jayavarman V
968-1001 
| | Takeo, Khleangs | He succeeded his father Rajendravarman II in 968, when he was still very young.
Jayavarman V died in 1001 and received the posthumous name Paramaviraloka. |
Udayadityavarman I
1001-1002 
| | | He was a nephew of Jayavarman V
Postulated by F.D.K Bosch:
He and Jayaviravarman may have been brother who grew up in Java, where their mother had taken refuge after fleeing from the Khmer court.
He married the local princess and become king of Bali under the name Udayana
He returned to Kambuja after the death of Jayavarman V to claim the throne.
On obtaining power, he ceded it to his brother Narapativiravarman, who took the name of Jayaviravarman.
|
Jayaviravarman I 1002-1010 
| | North Khleng, Ta Keo (cont.) | Postulated by F.D.K Bosch:
He was Udayadityavarman I, refer to above.
After defeated in battle by Suryavarman, he returned to Java, where he took the name Narapativiravarman which became Norottama in Javanese. |
Suryavarman I
1002/1010-1050 
| | Preah Vihea,South Khleang, Phimeanakas and The Royal Pond | Built Preah Vihea, modified to Phimeanakas and the royal palace enclosure
He extended the kingdom to the modern Lopburi in Thailand, in the south to the Kra Isthmus.
Construction of the West Baray began under Suryavarman I, the second and even larger (8 by 2.2 km) water reservoir after the Eastern Baray. |
Udayadityavarman II
1050-1066 
| | Baphuon, West Mebon, West Baray | |
Harshavarman III 1066-1080 
| | | |
Jayavarman VI
1080-1107 
| | Phimai | Phimai in present-day Thailand |
Dharanindravarman I
1107-1113 | | | |
Suryavarman II
1113-1150 
| | Prah Pithu, Banteay Samre, Beng Melea, Chau Say Thevoda, Thommanon, Phnom Rung, Angkor Wat | Phnom Rung in present-day Thailand
The 11th century was a time of conflict and brutal power struggles.
He united the kingdom internally and extended externally.
Under his rule, the largest temple of Angkor was built in a period of 37 years: Angkor Wat, dedicated to the god Vishnu.
He conquered the Mon kingdom of Haripunjaya to the west (in today's central Thailand), and the area further west to the border with the kingdom of Pagan (modern Burma), in the south further parts of the Malay peninsula down to the kingdom of Grahi (corresponding roughly to the modern Thai province of Nakhon Si Thammarat, in the east several provinces of Champa and the countries in the north as far as the southern border of modern Laos.
Suryavarman II's end is unclear. The last inscription, which mentions his name in connection with a planned invasion of Vietnam, is from the year 1145. He probably died during a military expedition between 1145 and 1150 |
Dharanindravarman II
1150-1160 
| | | |
Yasovarman II
160-1165 
| | | Continued on existing temple |
Tribhuvana-dityavarman
1165-1177 
| | | Killed at the battle against the Cham |
Jayavarman VII
1181-1215 
| Yasodharapura | Banteay Kdei, Ta Prom, Preah Khan, Neak Pean, Bayon, Dharmasala, Krol Ko, Ta Som, Sour Prat towers, Buddha Terrace, Elephant Terrace, Preah Palilay, Sra Srang (comp.), Jayatakata baray, Ta Nei, Angkor Thom, Prasat Chrung, Prasat Prei, Banteay Thom, Banteay Chmar, Krol Ko, Royal palace | Greatest Khmer ruler
Made Mahayana Buddhish the state religion
He was already a military leader as prince under previous kings. After the Cham had conquered Angkor, he gathered an army and regained the capital, Yasodharapura.
In 1181 he ascended the throne and continued the war against the neighbouring eastern kingdom for a further 22 years, until the Khmer defeated Champa in 1203 and conquered large parts of its territory.
He stands as the last of the great kings of Angkor, not only because of the successful war against the Cham, but also because he was no tyrannical ruler in the manner of his immediate predecessors, because he unified the empire, and above all because of the building projects carried out under his rule. The new capital now called Angkor Thom (literally: "Great City") was built. In the centre, the king (himself a follower of Mahayana Buddhism) had constructed as the state temple the Bayon, with its towers bearing faces of the boddhisattva Avalokiteshvara, each several metres high, carved out of stone.
Further important temples built under Jayavarman VII were Ta Prohm, Banteay Kdei and Neak Pean, as well as the reservoir of Srah Srang. Alongside, an extensive network of streets was laid down, which connected every town of the empire. Beside these streets 121 rest-houses were built for traders, officials and travellers. Not least of all, he established 102 hospitals. |
Indravarman II
1215-1243 
| | Prasat Sour Prat, | Son of Jayavarman VII
Like his father, he was a Buddhist, and completed a series of temples begun under his father's rule.
He was less successful warrior. In the year 1220 the Khmer withdrew from many of the provinces previously conquered from Champa. In the west, his Thai subjects rebelled, established the first Thai kingdom at Sukhothai and pushed back the Khmer. In the following 200 years, the Thais would become the chief rivals of Kambuja. |
Jayavarman VIII
1243-1295/96 
| | Preah Pithu Group, | He was a Hindu and an aggressive opponent of Buddhism. He destroyed most of the Buddha statues in the empire (archaeologists estimate the number at over 10,000, of which few traces remain) and converted Buddhist temples to Hindu temples.
From the outside, the empire was threatened in 1283 by the Mongols under Kublai Khan's general Sagatu. The king avoided war with his powerful opponent, who at this time ruled over all China, by paying annual tribute to him.
Jayavarman VIII's rule ended in 1295 when he was deposed by his son-in-law Srindravarman (reigned 1295-1309). |
Srindravarman
1295-1309 
| | | He deposed his father-in-law Jayavarman VIII in 1295.
He followed Theravada Buddhism, a school of Buddhism which had arrived in southeast Asia from Sri Lanka and subsequently spread through most of the region.
In August of 1296, the Chinese diplomat Zhou Daguan arrived at Angkor, and remained at the court of king Srindravarman until July 1297. He was neither the first nor the last Chinese representative to visit Kambuja. However, his stay is notable because Zhou Daguan later wrote a detailed report on life in Angkor. His portrayal is today one of the most important sources of understanding of historical Angkor. Alongside descriptions of several great temples (the Bayon, the Baphuon, Angkor Wat), for which we have him to thank for the knowledge that the towers of the Bayon were once covered in gold), the text also offers valuable information on the everyday life and the habits of the inhabitants of Angkor. |
Indrajayavarman
1308-1327 
| | | |
Jayavarman Paramesvara
1327-? 
| | | |
